Fragmentation External fragmentation exists in both memory allocations first-fit and best-fit strategies. When a process is loaded or removed from the memory then free memory space is broken down into…

Memory Allocation Memory allocation is the procedure of allocation of memory to the various processes. A simple technique is used for memory allocation in which allocating memory is divided into…

Swapping Swapping is a procedure in which process may be swapped temporarily out of main memory to a backup store, and then fetched back into memory for continued execution. Memory swapping is…

OS Memory Management OS Memory management is basically the core functionality of an operating system which manages the primary memory. Memory management retains pathway of each and every memory location…

Threading Issues Following threading issues are: The fork() and exec() system call Signal handling Thread cancelation Thread local storage Scheduler activation The fork() and exec() system call In case if…

Multithreading Models Some operating systems provide a combined user-level thread and a kernel-level thread installation. In a mutual system, multiple threads in the identical application can run in corresponding on…

Threads A thread is basically a flow of execution through the process code it has its own program counter stack and system registers. Thread is known as basic unit of…

Critical Section Problem Critical Section Problem - A piece of code inside a process that wants access to shared resources and that need not be executed while another process is…

Process Synchronization Process synchronization defined as the sharing of system resources by multiple processes so that simultaneous access to shared data is controlled, reducing the risk of incompatible data. Maintaining…

Context Switching A context switching sometimes referred as a task switch or a process switch. Basically this context switching is the switching of the CPU from one process/thread to another one. A process which also…