Logical paradigm is a kind of modeling and reasoning about systems. It is a type of programming paradigm, largely based on formal logics.
Term and formula in Predicate logic A Formal Language Predicate Logic provides a way to formalize natural language so that ambiguity is removed. A predicate logic formula involved two sorts of…
Predicate Logic A predicate is a statement that contains variables (predicate variables) and that may be true or false depending on the values of these predicate variables. Predicates are the…
Horn clauses and satisfiability Horn formulas are conjunctions of Horn clauses. Horn clauses are an implication whose assumption (left side of the arrow) A is a conjunction of the proposition…
Conjunctive normal form A literal L is either an atom p or the negation of an atom ¬p. If a formula is a conjunction of clauses, where each clause D…
The logic of soundness and completeness The logic of soundness and completeness is to check whether a formula φ is valid or not. To prove a given formula φ, there are…
Propositional logic- formal language Propositional Logic (PL) is a formal language, which has syntax, a set of symbols, and semantics. It is not a natural language such as English. All…