Define Switching in Networking Define Switching in Networking: From the point of view, an ordinary telephone operator, a telephone system is divided into two main parts: Outside Plant (local loops…
Trunks and Multiplexing Trunks and Multiplexing: The highways of the telephone network are not only much faster than local loops but are distinguished by two other aspects. The heart of…
The Local Loop: Modems, ADSL, and Fiber THE LOCAL LOOP: MODEMS, ADSL, AND FIBER - It is time to start our detailed study of the operation of the telephone system.…
Structure Of The Telephone System Structure Of The Telephone System: Shortly after Alexander Graham Bell patented the phone in 1876 (just hours before its competitor, Elisha Gray), his new invention…
The Public Switched Telephone Network Public Switched Telephone Network: When two computers in a company or organization next to each other need to exchange data, it is often easier to…
Digital Modulation and Multiplexing Cables and wireless channels transmit analog signals such as voltage, light intensity or loudness in continuous mode. The conversion process between the bits and the signals…
Communication Satellites Communication satellites have interesting properties that make them interesting for many applications. In its simplest form, a communication satellite can be seen as a large microwave transponder in…
Wireless/Unguided Transmission Media Unguided Transmission Media - a Wireless transmission is a form of unmanaged environment or media. Wireless communication does not involve physical communication between two or more devices…
Guided Transmission Media Guided Transmission Media - The role of the physical layer is to transfer bits from one computer to another through the channel. Different physical media can be…
The Physical Layer The physical layer defines the electrical, temporal, and other interfaces through which bits are sent as signals via channels. The physical layer is the base on which…
